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China

OverviewTrademark registration in China is governed by the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) under a first-to-file system. China adopts the Nice Classification system and allows a multi-class application (one mark, multiple classes). Registered trademarks are valid for 10 years from the date of registration and can be renewed indefinitely.
General TimelineApproximately 9–12 months for a smooth, uncontested application:
  • Formality examination: ~1 month
  • Substantive examination: ~4–6 months
  • Publication period (opposition window): 3 months
  • Registration and certificate issuance: ~1–2 months after the opposition period ends
Required Application Materials
  • Applicant’s name, address, and nationality (or business registration country)
  • A clear specimen of the trademark (logo, word, device, or combination)
  • Designated goods/services with specific items under the Nice Classification
  • Power of Attorney (if filed through an agent; no notarization required)
  • Copy of business license or identity certificate
  • Priority documents (if claiming convention priority under Paris Convention)
Application Process
  1. Filing: Submit the application online or via paper to CNIPA.
  2. Formality Examination: CNIPA checks completeness of documents and compliance with formal requirements.
  3. Substantive Examination: Examiner assesses absolute grounds (distinctiveness, legality) and relative grounds (conflict with prior marks).
  4. Preliminary Approval & Publication: If approved, the mark is published for a 3-month opposition period.
  5. Registration: If no opposition is filed or the opposition is unsuccessful, the mark is registered and a certificate is issued.
Key Points to Note
  • First-to-file principle: Apply as early as possible; prior use generally does not overcome a later-filed identical application.
  • Use requirement: A registered trademark can be cancelled for non-use if it has not been used for three consecutive years without proper reasons.
  • Chinese language: If the mark contains foreign words, consider registering the corresponding Chinese translation or transliteration to prevent squatting.
  • Specification clarity: Goods/services descriptions must be specific and standardized; overly broad terms are often rejected.
  • Custom recordal: Register the trademark with China Customs to enforce border protection against counterfeit goods.


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